﻿{"id":18199,"date":"2025-09-20T08:22:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-20T06:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/?p=18199"},"modified":"2025-09-20T08:23:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-20T06:23:48","slug":"covadonga-cangas-de-onis-llanes-y-ribadesella-2-3-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3-3-2-2-2-3-2-2-2-2-3-2-3-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-14-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/?p=18199","title":{"rendered":"Fotos\u00edntesis artificial (2012)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>20 de septiembre de 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Durante varios a\u00f1os fui tertuliano de varias emisoras de radio. En el a\u00f1o 2012 una de las emisoras con las que colaboraba era con Onda Cero de San Sebasti\u00e1n. Uno de los temas que trat\u00e9 aquel a\u00f1o fue el de las hojas artificiales que hac\u00edan la fotos\u00edntesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fotos\u00edntesis artificial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Imaginemos un laboratorio de investigaci\u00f3n. En un rinc\u00f3n hay una hoja que no naci\u00f3 de una semilla, no tiene nervaduras ni clorofila, pero imita la fotos\u00edntesis de las plantas con mayor eficiencia que la natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 2011, el qu\u00edmico estadounidense Daniel Nocera, profesor del prestigioso MIT, present\u00f3 una hoja artificial capaz de dividir el agua en hidr\u00f3geno y ox\u00edgeno utilizando \u00fanicamente luz solar <a href=\"#1\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#1\">[1]<\/a>. No se trataba de una c\u00e9lula solar convencional, sino de un sistema que replicaba el mecanismo de la fotos\u00edntesis natural. El desarrollo se hizo con investigadores del MIT y de la empresa Sun Catalytix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consist\u00eda en una l\u00e1mina delgada de silicio \u2014similar a las empleadas en c\u00e9lulas fotovoltaicas\u2014 recubierta con catalizadores de cobalto y n\u00edquel. Bastaba sumergirla en agua y exponerla a la luz solar para que comenzara a dividir las mol\u00e9culas de agua en sus componentes: hidr\u00f3geno y ox\u00edgeno. Era completamente aut\u00f3noma, sin necesidad de cables ni fuentes externas de energ\u00eda m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/m5KucoUnyI8?si=yv8Sld39Zbwe3kdP\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>El hidr\u00f3geno generado pod\u00eda almacenarse y, mediante una \u00abc\u00e9lula de combustible\u00bb<a href=\"#2\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#2\"> [2]<\/a> \u2014tambi\u00e9n llamada \u00abpila de combustible\u00bb\u2014 convertirse en electricidad cuando fuera necesario. Recordemos que este tipo de dispositivo utiliza el hidr\u00f3geno como combustible para producir electricidad de forma limpia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fuel_cell_ES.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fuel_cell_ES.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fuel_cell_ES.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fuel_cell_ES-300x238.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fuel_cell_ES-378x300.jpeg 378w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Por HandigeHarry &#8211; Trabajo propio, Dominio p\u00fablico, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=3924755<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ya se hab\u00edan realizado intentos anteriores, pero resultaban prohibitivos por el uso de catalizadores como el platino y otros materiales preciosos. En el caso de Nocera, el empleo de cobalto y n\u00edquel representaba un avance importante. El cobalto, aunque tambi\u00e9n escaso y geopol\u00edticamente conflictivo, es mucho m\u00e1s asequible que el platino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aun as\u00ed, el uso de cobalto sigue siendo un problema. Es un paso adelante respecto a los catalizadores anteriores, pero da la impresi\u00f3n de que el coste seguir\u00e1 siendo elevado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ojal\u00e1 no pase mucho tiempo antes de que surjan nuevas \u00abhojas artificiales\u00bb que empleen catalizadores m\u00e1s abundantes y sostenibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>Notas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"1\">[1] Chandler, David L. \u2018<em>Artificial leaf\u2019 makes fuel from sunlight. Solar cell bonded to recently developed catalyst can harness the sun, splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen<\/em>. MIT News Office. 30 de septiembre de 2011. <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2011\/artificial-leaf-0930\">\u2018Artificial leaf\u2019 makes fuel from sunlight | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2\">[2] Wikipedia. Entrada: <em>Pila de combustible<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pila_de_combustible\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pila_de_combustible<\/a> [Consultado 20 de septiembre de 2025]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"1\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity wp-block-heading\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/deed.es_ES\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/3.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Licencia de Creative Commons\"\/><\/a><br \/><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">La vuelta al mundo y otros viajes&nbsp;<\/a>\u00a9 2024&nbsp;by&nbsp;F\u00e9lix Ares&nbsp;is licensed under&nbsp;CC BY-SA 4.0&nbsp;. Debe indicarse que est\u00e1 creado a partir de una obra de viajes.ares.fm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">En esta ocasi\u00f3n he contado con la colaboraci\u00f3n de Vero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Contacto con nosotros<\/strong>; el motivo de que no sea una imagen clara es para evitar que los robots la descubran y nos inunden el buz\u00f3n de basura.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/tapas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18078\" style=\"width:250px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/tapas.jpg 480w, https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/tapas-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/tapas-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, 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En el a\u00f1o 2012 una de las emisoras con las que colaboraba era con Onda Cero de San Sebasti\u00e1n. Uno de los temas que trat\u00e9 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/?p=18199\">Sigue leyendo <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1860],"tags":[1891],"class_list":["post-18199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-curiosidades","tag-hojas-fotosinteticas-artificiales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18199"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18204,"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18199\/revisions\/18204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viajes.ares.fm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}